Abstract:
India’s nuclear power generation landscape underwent a transformation with the enactment of the SHANTI Act, 2025 (Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act). By replacing legacy frameworks, the Act opens civil nuclear generation and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to private enterprise and joint ventures while introducing a capacity-based tiered operator liability system. This article analyzes how the new statutory recourse limits interact with international conventions (CSC), providing actionable guidance on structuring supplier indemnities, nuclear risk pool alignments, and procurement contracts for domestic and foreign technology partners entering India’s energy grid.